The second phase of this study has used desktop flat-bed scanning to record aggregate profiles, both raw particles and aggregate shape profiles taken from the curved surface of core samples, to classify the shape and then provide a protocol for defining the shape. Aggregate form, shape and texture are known to influence the way particles pack together and therefore the amount of space left between and amongst the particles. These voids can arise from a number of sources both intentional, in the case of air-entrained voids introduced by admixtures batched to provide a structure that can withstand frost attack and unintentional in the case of entrapped voids that arise due to characteristic of the sand and aggregates, excess water added and a lack of consolidation whilst plastic. Abstract Significant reduction in both strength and durability of concrete is brought about by voids left within the concrete once it has hardened.
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